Common Problems in Biomass Pellet Machine ProductionIssuing time:2025-12-12 16:16 I. Motor Operation Problems1. Motor Fails to Rotate After Power - OnWhen the biomass pellet machine is powered on, there are situations where the motor cannot rotate. This can occur in several scenarios. First, if there is no abnormal sound, odor, or smoke, the possible reasons include a power supply issue (at least two phases not connected), blown fuses (at least two phases), incorrect wiring of the control equipment, or a damaged motor. To address this, one should check the power circuit switch, fuses, and connection boxes for breakpoints and repair them. If the fuses are blown, check the fuse type and the cause of the blow, then replace the fuses. In case of a damaged motor, it needs to be repaired. Second, if the motor does not turn and the fuses blow, reasons may involve a missing phase of power, reverse - connected stator coils, short - circuits in the stator windings, grounding of the stator windings, incorrect wiring of the stator windings, a too - small fuse cross - section, or a short - circuit or grounding in the power cord. The corresponding solutions are to check if the switch has one phase not properly closed or if there is a break in one phase of the power circuit, eliminate reverse - connection faults, find and repair short - circuit points, eliminate grounding, correct incorrect wiring, replace fuses, and eliminate grounding points. Third, when the motor does not turn but makes a buzzing sound, it could be due to open - circuits in the stator or rotor windings (one phase broken) or a loss of power in one phase of the power supply, incorrect connection of the winding leads or internal reverse - connection of the windings, loose power circuit contacts with high contact resistance, an excessive motor load or a stuck rotor, low power supply voltage, or a too - tight assembly of small motors or hard grease in the bearings causing the bearings to get stuck. The solutions are to find and repair the breakpoints, check the winding polarity and the correctness of the winding start and end points, tighten the loose wiring bolts and check for false connections with a multimeter, reduce the load or find and eliminate mechanical faults, check and correct incorrect wiring methods (such as wrongly connecting the △ connection to the Y connection) and correct voltage drops caused by thin power wires, and re - assemble the motor to make it flexible and replace the grease and repair the bearings. 2. Difficult Motor Starting and Low - Speed Operation Under LoadIf the motor of the biomass pellet machine has difficulty starting and runs at a speed much lower than the rated speed under the rated load, possible causes are low power supply voltage, wrong connection of the △ connection to the Y connection, open - welding or breakage of the cage - shaped rotor, incorrect or reverse - connection of local coils in the stator and rotor, and motor overload. The solutions are to measure the power supply voltage and try to improve it, correct the connection method, check for open - welding and breakpoints and repair them, find and correct incorrect connection points, and reduce the load. 3. Unbalanced No - Load Current of the MotorWhen the no - load current of the motor is unbalanced with a large difference among the three phases, it may be because of incorrect connection of the winding start and end points, unbalanced power supply voltage, or faults such as inter - turn short - circuits or reverse - connected coils in the windings. The corresponding solutions are to check and correct the connections, measure the power supply voltage, and try to eliminate the voltage imbalance. II. Pellet Quality Issues1. Abnormal Pellet Shape
2. Loose and Fragile PelletsThis problem may be caused by insufficient material adhesiveness (such as improper proportion of auxiliary materials) or low humidity. One can adjust the formula by adding binders (such as starch slurry or syrup) or appropriately spraying water to increase the humidity. Another possible reason is that the spindle speed is too high, resulting in a too - short compression time for the material. Reducing the speed can prolong the extrusion time of the material in the granulation chamber. Also, if the screen aperture is too large, the extrusion pressure of the material is insufficient. Replacing the screen with a smaller aperture can increase the extrusion pressure. 3. Pellets Sticking TogetherWhen the material has too high humidity and large viscosity, the pellets are likely to stick together. One can spread the material out to dry or add dry auxiliary materials (such as starch) to reduce the humidity. If the screen aperture is too small, the material will accumulate on the screen surface, causing the pellets to stick. Replace the screen with a larger aperture or adjust the spindle speed (a lower speed is more suitable for high - viscosity materials). Additionally, if the feeding speed is too fast, the granulation chamber may be blocked, resulting in sticking pellets. The feeding amount should be reduced, and a uniform feeding speed should be controlled. III. Production Capacity Issues1. Significant Drop in OutputThe most common reason for a significant drop in the production of the biomass pellet machine is a clogged screen. When this happens, one should immediately stop the machine and thoroughly clean the screen to ensure that all the holes are unblocked. Another possible reason is blade wear. A severely worn blade cannot effectively press the material towards the screen, resulting in a decrease in output. The blade needs to be repaired or replaced with a new one. Moreover, changes in material characteristics, such as increased viscosity or higher humidity compared to previous batches, can also lead to a drop in output. In this case, the material formula or process parameters should be adjusted. 2. Inconsistent ProductionInconsistent production may be related to the stability of the equipment operation. For example, unstable spindle speed, caused by problems such as belt slippage or motor malfunctions, can lead to inconsistent production. The belt tension should be checked, and the belt should be adjusted or replaced. If the speed fluctuates, the motor or the frequency converter should be checked for normal operation. Also, uneven distribution of the material in the pressing area can lead to inconsistent production. The shape or installation position of the scraper can be changed to ensure uniform distribution of the material during pressing. IV. Blockage and Jam Problems1. Problems Caused by Production Raw MaterialsThe physical characteristics of the production raw materials can have a significant impact on blockage. Different raw materials such as sawdust, straw, and bagasse have different specific gravities, particle sizes, humidity levels, and component compositions. Components such as sugar and lactose - whey, which are sensitive to temperature, can have significantly increased viscosity under the high - pressure and high - temperature conditions inside the biomass pellet machine. However, when the temperature rises to the 60 - 70°C range, these components may become charred, increasing the risk of die - hole blockage. Additionally, if the proportion and humidity of fibers in the raw materials exceed a certain threshold, or if there are impurities such as metal foreign objects and hard stones in the raw materials, the risk of blockage will also increase. To solve this problem, raw materials should be pre - treated, such as adding impurity - removal and iron - removal processes before crushing. 2. Issues in the Granulation ProcessIn the granulation process, improper settings of the conditioner can cause blockage and jamming. The length of the conditioner is generally 700 - 800mm, and the residence time of the raw materials in it is about 25±5 seconds. If the pressure is too high, it can break down vitamins and starch in the raw materials, making them sticky and even charred, leading to die blockage. If the pressure is too low, the conditioning will not meet the standards, resulting in insufficient starch gelatinization and steam condensation, and high raw - material humidity, which can easily cause blockage. The setting position and parameters of the pressure - reducing valve need to be carefully adjusted. Also, the conditioning temperature is crucial for granulation. If the temperature is too low, the conditioning is insufficient; if it is too high, the materials will be charred. 3. Equipment Design and Parameter IssuesThe distance between the pressure roller and the die in the biomass pellet machine is an important design parameter. If this distance is too small, it will cause unnecessary contact and friction, easily damaging the die holes and generating excessive heat, leading to abnormal temperature rise and material charring. If the distance is too large, it will affect the pressing effect and may also cause blockage. Therefore, the distance between the pressure roller and the die should be adjusted according to the characteristics of the raw materials and the production requirements. V. Wear and Tear Problems1. Pressure Roller WearIf the pressure roller wears too quickly, it may be due to several reasons. The presence of hard impurities such as sand and iron filings on the surface of the pressure roller can cause abnormal wear. It is recommended to add impurity - removal and iron - removal processes before raw material crushing. Uneven distribution of the material before entering the pressing area can also lead to uneven wear of the pressure roller. One can change the shape or installation position of the scraper to ensure uniform distribution of the material during pressing. In addition, whether the pressure roller is regularly and quantitatively lubricated, whether the matching gap between the pressure roller and the ring die is timely adjusted, the wear condition of the sealing covers at both ends of the pressure roller, and whether the bearing inside the pressure roller shell is properly installed can all affect the wear of the pressure roller. 2. Ring Die Wear and CrackingRing die wear is a common problem. When the ring die wears to a certain thickness and its strength can no longer withstand the granulation pressure, it will crack. It is recommended to replace the ring die when it wears to the level of the pressure roller groove. The reasons for ring die cracking are complex and may be related to the ring die steel, forging process, heat treatment, ring die design (such as too high an opening ratio or too thin a thickness), and installation and use methods. There may also be a situation where the presence of foreign objects causes damage to the ring die. VI. Vibration and Noise Problems1. Severe VibrationSevere vibration of the biomass pellet machine may be because the anchor bolts or the equipment installation is not firm, causing the machine to shake during operation. In this case, the equipment installation foundation should be checked, and the anchor bolts should be tightened to ensure the stability of the equipment. Another possible reason is that the transmission components such as gears and bearings are worn or lack lubrication, resulting in impact sounds. One should stop the machine to check the lubrication conditions of the gearbox and bearings, add lubricating oil (grease), or replace the worn components. 2. Abnormal NoiseAbnormal noise may be caused by loose components such as the screen and stirring paddle, which rub against the housing. One should check the connection bolts of each component one by one and re - tighten the loose parts. In addition, problems in the motor or other key components can also cause abnormal noise, and the corresponding components should be carefully inspected and repaired. 声明:此篇为网站原创文章,转载请标明出处链接:https://www.huantaibiologicalenergy.com/sys-nd/61.html
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